1. Pathogenesis of idiopathic scoliosis;

2. Study on hereditary susceptibility of idiopathic scoliosis;

3. Pathogenesis of scoliosis associated with Chiari malformations;

4. Pathogenesis of scoliosis associated with neurofibromatosis;

5. Etiology of congenital scoliosis;

6. Three-dimensional correction for spinal deformities.